方法对比
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| 效应量× | 统计功效与样本量× | |
|---|---|---|
| 领域 | 研究统计学 | 研究统计学 |
| 方法族 | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| 起源年份 | 1988 | 1988 |
| 提出者 | Jacob Cohen | Jacob Cohen |
| 类型 | Concept | Concept |
| 开创性文献 | Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences (2nd ed.). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. ISBN: 0-8058-0283-5 | Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences (2nd ed.). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. ISBN: 0-8058-0283-5 |
| 别名 | ES, Cohen's d, standardized effect, practical significance | power analysis, sample size calculation, 1 minus beta, sensitivity |
| 相关 | 4 | 4 |
| 摘要≠ | Effect size quantifies the magnitude of a research finding independent of sample size. While a p-value tells you whether a result is statistically significant, an effect size tells you how big the result is. Jacob Cohen formalized effect size measurement in behavioral sciences (1988), establishing standard benchmarks (small = 0.2, medium = 0.5, large = 0.8 for Cohen's d). Effect sizes are essential for meta-analysis, power analysis, and communicating the practical importance of research findings. | Statistical power is the probability of detecting a true effect if it exists (1 − β). Power analysis determines the sample size required to detect a hypothesized effect size with specified Type I error (α) and Type II error (β) rates. Introduced by Jacob Cohen (1988), power analysis is foundational to research design: underpowered studies produce inflated effect size estimates and are unlikely to replicate. The standard benchmark is 80% power (β = 0.20), though critical studies may require 90% power. |
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