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| 经济订货批量 (EOQ)× | 安全库存与订货点模型× | |
|---|---|---|
| 领域 | 运筹学 | 运筹学 |
| 方法族 | Regression model | Regression model |
| 起源年份≠ | 1913 | 1998 |
| 提出者≠ | Ford W. Harris | Silver, Pyke & Peterson |
| 类型≠ | Deterministic inventory optimization model | Stochastic inventory control model |
| 开创性文献≠ | Harris, F. W. (1913/1990). How many parts to make at once. Operations Research, 38(6), 947–950 (reprint). DOI ↗ | Silver, E. A., Pyke, D. F., & Peterson, R. (1998). Inventory Management and Production Planning and Scheduling (3rd ed.). Wiley. ISBN: 978-0-471-11947-0 |
| 别名 | Wilson EOQ Model, Harris-Wilson Model, Optimal Lot Size Model, Ekonomik Sipariş Miktarı | Buffer Stock, Reserve Stock, Reorder-Point Model, Emniyet Stoğu |
| 相关 | 3 | 3 |
| 摘要≠ | The Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) is a classic deterministic inventory model that identifies the order quantity minimizing the sum of annual ordering and holding costs. Introduced by Ford W. Harris in 1913 and later popularized by R. H. Wilson, EOQ assumes constant demand, fixed cost parameters, and instantaneous replenishment. It remains the foundational benchmark for inventory management in manufacturing, retail, and supply chain contexts where demand is relatively stable and costs are well-characterized. | Safety stock is an additional quantity of inventory held beyond expected demand during a replenishment lead time, designed to protect against stockouts caused by demand or supply uncertainty. Reorder-point models formalize this buffer by setting a trigger inventory level at which a new order is placed. Systematically developed within the stochastic inventory-control framework by Silver, Pyke, and Peterson (1998), the approach translates a desired customer-service level into a precise buffer quantity using the statistics of demand and lead-time variability. |
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