方法对比

	E-Government Maturity Model	Worldwide Governance Indicators
领域	Public Administration	Public Administration
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	2001	1999
提出者	Karen Layne & Jungwoo Lee	Daniel Kaufmann, Aart Kraay & Massimo Mastruzzi
类型	Staged maturity / capability model	Composite governance index
开创性文献	Layne, K., & Lee, J. (2001). Developing fully functional E-government: A four stage model. Government Information Quarterly, 18(2), 122–136.	Kaufmann, D., Kraay, A., & Mastruzzi, M. (2011). The Worldwide Governance Indicators: Methodology and Analytical Issues. Hague Journal on the Rule of Law, 3(2), 220–246.
别名	E-Government Stage Model, Digital Government Maturity Model, E-Gov Development Stages, Layne-Lee Maturity Model	WGI, Kaufmann-Kraay-Mastruzzi Indicators, World Bank Governance Indicators, Aggregate Governance Indicators
相关	4	4
摘要	An e-government maturity model is a staged framework that describes how public administrations evolve their digital service delivery from simple online information toward fully integrated, transaction-capable government. The most influential formulation, proposed by Karen Layne and Jungwoo Lee in 2001, sets out four stages — cataloguing, transaction, vertical integration and horizontal integration — through which agencies are expected to progress. Maturity models translate a diffuse modernisation agenda into an ordered ladder of capabilities that can be assessed, compared and benchmarked across agencies and countries. They underpin international instruments such as the UN E-Government Survey and its Online Service Index.	The Worldwide Governance Indicators (WGI) are a long-running World Bank project that measures the quality of governance across more than two hundred countries on six dimensions: voice and accountability, political stability and absence of violence, government effectiveness, regulatory quality, rule of law, and control of corruption. Developed by Daniel Kaufmann, Aart Kraay and Massimo Mastruzzi from 1999, the WGI combine hundreds of underlying variables from dozens of survey and expert sources using a statistical unobserved-components model. The result is a set of comparable scores, each accompanied by an explicit margin of error, published on the World Bank's governance portal.