方法对比

	双盲所罗门四组设计	所罗门四组设计
领域	实验设计	实验设计
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	1949 (Solomon design); double-blind blinding integrated in 20th-century experimental practice	1949
提出者	Richard L. Solomon (base design); double-blind protocol is a general methodological standard	Richard L. Solomon
类型	True experimental design	True experimental design
开创性文献	Solomon, R. L. (1949). An extension of control group design. Psychological Bulletin, 46(2), 137–150.	Solomon, R. L. (1949). An extension of control group design. Psychological Bulletin, 46(2), 137–150.
别名	double-blind S4GD, blinded Solomon design, double-blind four-group design, Solomon four-group with double-blind	Solomon design, four-group design, Solomon four-group control design, S4GD
相关	5	5
摘要	The double-blind Solomon four-group design combines Richard Solomon's classic four-group structure — which isolates pretest sensitization effects — with double-blind blinding, ensuring that neither participants nor outcome assessors know group assignments. This combination yields high internal validity by controlling simultaneously for testing effects, expectancy bias, and experimenter influence, making it one of the most rigorous true experimental designs available.	The Solomon Four-Group Design extends the classic pretest-posttest control-group design by adding two groups that receive no pretest, enabling researchers to detect whether the pretest itself alters participants' responses to the treatment. Introduced by Richard L. Solomon in 1949, it remains the gold standard for isolating the independent effect of a pretest and for obtaining unbiased estimates of treatment efficacy.