方法对比

	双盲所罗门四组设计	前测-后测实验设计
领域	实验设计	实验设计
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	1949 (Solomon design); double-blind blinding integrated in 20th-century experimental practice	1963 (formalized in Campbell & Stanley)
提出者	Richard L. Solomon (base design); double-blind protocol is a general methodological standard	Donald T. Campbell and Julian C. Stanley
类型	True experimental design	Experimental / quasi-experimental research design
开创性文献	Solomon, R. L. (1949). An extension of control group design. Psychological Bulletin, 46(2), 137–150.	Campbell, D. T., & Stanley, J. C. (1963). Experimental and Quasi-Experimental Designs for Research. Rand McNally.
别名	double-blind S4GD, blinded Solomon design, double-blind four-group design, Solomon four-group with double-blind	pretest-posttest design, before-after design, pre-post design, two-wave experimental design
相关	5	5
摘要	The double-blind Solomon four-group design combines Richard Solomon's classic four-group structure — which isolates pretest sensitization effects — with double-blind blinding, ensuring that neither participants nor outcome assessors know group assignments. This combination yields high internal validity by controlling simultaneously for testing effects, expectancy bias, and experimenter influence, making it one of the most rigorous true experimental designs available.	The pretest-posttest experimental design measures participants on the outcome variable before and after treatment, typically with random assignment to treatment and control groups. The difference between pre- and post-scores isolates the treatment effect from baseline variation, making this one of the most widely used frameworks in experimental and quasi-experimental research across education, psychology, medicine, and the social sciences.