方法对比

	双盲前后测实验设计	所罗门四组设计
领域	实验设计	实验设计
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	Mid-20th century (combined form widely adopted 1960s onward)	1949
提出者	Campbell & Stanley (formalized pretest-posttest design, 1963); double-blind blinding convention developed in clinical pharmacology (19th-20th century)	Richard L. Solomon
类型	True experimental design	True experimental design
开创性文献	Campbell, D. T., & Stanley, J. C. (1963). Experimental and quasi-experimental designs for research. In N. L. Gage (Ed.), Handbook of Research on Teaching (pp. 171-246). Rand McNally.	Solomon, R. L. (1949). An extension of control group design. Psychological Bulletin, 46(2), 137–150.
别名	DB-pretest-posttest design, double-blind pre-post design, masked pretest-posttest RCT, double-masked pre-post experiment	Solomon design, four-group design, Solomon four-group control design, S4GD
相关	5	5
摘要	The double-blind pretest-posttest experimental design is a true experiment in which participants are randomly assigned to treatment and control conditions, outcome data are collected both before and after the intervention, and neither participants nor outcome assessors know which condition each participant received. Combining baseline measurement with strong blinding, the design controls for both pre-existing group differences and expectancy-driven bias, making it a gold-standard approach in clinical and behavioral research.	The Solomon Four-Group Design extends the classic pretest-posttest control-group design by adding two groups that receive no pretest, enabling researchers to detect whether the pretest itself alters participants' responses to the treatment. Introduced by Richard L. Solomon in 1949, it remains the gold standard for isolating the independent effect of a pretest and for obtaining unbiased estimates of treatment efficacy.