方法对比

	双盲现场实验	现场实验
领域	实验设计	实验设计
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	1960s onward (field experiment tradition); double-blind controls applied from 1970s in social and policy field trials	1920s–1930s (agriculture); 1990s–2000s (social sciences)
提出者	Fisher, R. A. (randomized field trials); double-blind practice traced to 19th-century clinical research, formalized for field settings by Campbell & Stanley (1963)	Formalized by R. A. Fisher (1935); systematized in social sciences by Harrison & List (2004)
类型	Experimental design	Experimental design
开创性文献	Gerber, A. S., & Green, D. P. (2012). Field Experiments: Design, Analysis, and Interpretation. W. W. Norton. ISBN: 978-0393979954	Harrison, G. W., & List, J. A. (2004). Field experiments. Journal of Economic Literature, 42(4), 1009–1055.
别名	double-masked field trial, double-blind naturalistic experiment, blinded field study, DB field experiment	field trial, natural field experiment, randomized field experiment, field RCT
相关	5	5
摘要	A double-blind field experiment combines the high external validity of a real-world field setting with double-blind masking, in which neither the participants nor the personnel delivering the treatment know who has been assigned to the treatment or control condition. This design controls simultaneously for participant expectation effects and for experimenter/enumerator demand effects, making it one of the most rigorous tools available for causal inference outside the laboratory.	A field experiment applies the logic of a randomized controlled trial in a naturally occurring, real-world environment rather than an artificial laboratory. Participants are randomly assigned to treatment and control conditions while going about everyday activities, allowing researchers to estimate causal effects with high internal validity while preserving a level of ecological realism that laboratory settings cannot offer. The design is especially prominent in economics, public health, political science, and development research.