方法对比

	Dogmatism Scale	政治容忍度量表
领域	政治心理学	政治心理学
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	1960	1955
提出者	Milton Rokeach	Samuel Stouffer, James Gibson, John Sullivan
类型	Self-report personality scale	Self-report
开创性文献	Rokeach, M. (1960). The open and closed mind: Investigations into the nature of belief systems and personality systems. New York: Basic Books. ISBN: 9780465052189	Stouffer, S. A. (1955). Communism, conformity, and civil liberties: A cross-section of the nation speaks its mind. Garden City, NY: Doubleday.
别名	Rokeach D-Scale, Dogmatism Scale Form E, DOG Scale	DTCL, Civil Liberties Scale, Majoritarian Constraint Scale
相关	4	2
摘要	The Dogmatism Scale, developed by Milton Rokeach (1960), measures dogmatism, the degree to which a person's belief system is closed, rigid, and resistant to change, regardless of its ideological content. Conceived as an ideology-free alternative to the authoritarianism research of the 1950s, it captures closed-mindedness on the left as well as the right, and was later modernized by Altemeyer (2002).	The Political Tolerance Scale measures willingness to permit unpopular groups to exercise civil liberties and political rights, including free speech, assembly, and voting rights even for groups the respondent strongly opposes. Pioneered by Stouffer (1955) measuring tolerance of communists during McCarthyism and extended by Gibson (1989) and Sullivan, Piereson, and Marcus (1982), the scale assesses fundamental democratic commitment—that pluralism and minority rights supersede majoritarian preference. It addresses the paradox: can democracy survive if majorities vote to restrict minority rights? Tolerance is essential for democratic stability, particularly as polarization increases.