方法对比

	基于文档的项目评估	内容分析
领域	田野方法	质性
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	1960s–1970s (program evaluation field); document review as formal strategy codified in 1980s–1990s	Systematised through Krippendorff's methodology work; 4th edition 2018
提出者	Daniel Stufflebeam; Peter Rossi and Howard Freeman (systematic program evaluation tradition)	Klaus Krippendorff (systematic formulation); roots in early 20th-century communications research
类型	Evaluation research design	Qualitative / mixed-method research technique
开创性文献	Stufflebeam, D. L., & Shinkfield, A. J. (2007). Evaluation Theory, Models, and Applications. Jossey-Bass. ISBN: 978-0787908331	Krippendorff, K. (2018). Content Analysis: An Introduction to Its Methodology (4th ed.). Sage. ISBN: 978-1506395661
别名	documentary program evaluation, records-based evaluation, document review evaluation, archival program evaluation	İçerik Analizi, systematic content coding, quantitative content analysis
相关	6	5
摘要	Document-based program evaluation is a systematic approach to assessing a program's design, implementation, and outcomes using existing documentary evidence — such as policy statements, implementation reports, budgets, meeting minutes, and program artifacts — rather than primary data collection through interviews or observation. It is particularly suited to retrospective evaluations, accountability reviews, and contexts where direct fieldwork is impractical or infeasible.	Content analysis is a systematic research technique for reducing text, visual, or media material into coded categories so that patterns can be counted, compared, and interpreted. Formalised by Klaus Krippendorff in his widely cited methodology textbook (latest edition 2018), the method sits at the boundary of qualitative and quantitative inquiry: it imposes structured, replicable coding on inherently meaning-laden material.