方法对比

	媒体话语分析	媒体框架分析
领域	媒介研究	媒介研究
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	1978	1974
提出者	Michel Foucault, Norman Fairclough	Erving Goffman, Robert Entman
类型	Method for examining how discourse in media constructs meaning, identity, and power relations	Analytical method for identifying how media structures and presents information
开创性文献	Fairclough, N. (1992). Discourse and Social Change. Polity Press.	Goffman, E. (1974). Frame Analysis: An Essay on the Organization of Experience. Harvard University Press.
别名	critical discourse analysis, media discourse analysis, CDA	frame analysis, news framing, discourse framing
相关	5	5
摘要	Discourse Analysis in Media is a method for examining how media texts use language, images, and communication patterns to construct meanings, shape identities, and perpetuate or challenge power relations. Developed from linguistic analysis and critical theory—particularly Michel Foucault's concept of discourse as a system of knowledge-production and Norman Fairclough's critical discourse analysis (CDA) framework—the method reveals how what appears as neutral information or entertainment actually participates in maintaining or challenging social hierarchies and ideologies. The method is specifically concerned with how discourse operates politically: what it makes possible to think and say, whom it privileges, and what alternatives it renders invisible.	Media Framing Analysis is a systematic method for examining how news coverage and media messages organize and present information in ways that promote particular interpretations while obscuring others. Originating in Erving Goffman's sociological work (1974) and developed extensively by communication scholars like Robert Entman, the method decodes the frames—organizing principles and narrative structures—embedded in news reports, films, advertising, and public discourse. It reveals how media selections of what to emphasize, what to omit, and what narrative context to provide shape audience understanding of events and issues.