方法对比

	Direct Standardization	Indirect Standardization
领域	人口学	人口学
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	2001	2001
提出者	Classical demographic method (formalized by Preston, Heuveline & Guillot)	Classical demographic method (formalized by Preston, Heuveline & Guillot)
类型	Rate adjustment by reweighting to a standard population	Rate adjustment using a standard schedule of group-specific rates
开创性文献	Preston, S. H., Heuveline, P., & Guillot, M. (2001). Demography: Measuring and Modeling Population Processes. Blackwell. ISBN: 9781557864512	Preston, S. H., Heuveline, P., & Guillot, M. (2001). Demography: Measuring and Modeling Population Processes. Blackwell. ISBN: 9781557864512
别名	Directly standardized rate, Age-standardized rate, Direct method of standardization, Doğrudan Standardizasyon	Indirect method of standardization, Standardized mortality ratio, SMR method, Dolaylı Standardizasyon
相关	4	4
摘要	Direct standardization is a demographic technique that makes summary rates comparable across populations by applying each population's group-specific rates — most often age-specific death or disease rates — to a single, common standard population structure. The resulting directly standardized rate answers a counterfactual question: what would the crude rate be if every population had the same age (or other) composition? It removes the confounding effect of differing population structure so that genuine differences in underlying risk can be compared on a level footing.	Indirect standardization is a demographic technique for comparing summary rates when a study population's own group-specific rates are too sparse to be reliable. Instead of reweighting the study population's rates, it applies a trusted standard schedule of group-specific rates to the study population's own structure to compute the number of events that would be expected. The ratio of observed to expected events — the standardized mortality ratio (SMR) — measures how the study population's risk compares with the standard, adjusted for its composition.