方法对比

	离异案例抽样	最大变异抽样
领域	调查方法论	调查方法论
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	1990	1985 (Lincoln & Guba); elaborated 1990–2002 (Patton)
提出者	Michael Quinn Patton	Lincoln & Guba; systematised by Michael Quinn Patton
类型	Purposive qualitative sampling strategy	Purposive qualitative sampling strategy
开创性文献	Patton, M. Q. (2002). Qualitative Research and Evaluation Methods (3rd ed.). Sage Publications. ISBN: 978-0761919711	Patton, M. Q. (2002). Qualitative Research and Evaluation Methods (3rd ed.). Sage. Chapter 5: Purposeful Sampling. ISBN: 978-0761919711
别名	extreme case sampling, outlier sampling, negative case sampling, deviant-case selection	maximum variation sampling, maximum diversity sampling, MVS, heterogeneous sampling
相关	5	5
摘要	Deviant case sampling is a purposive qualitative sampling strategy in which the researcher intentionally selects cases that are unusual, exceptional, or markedly different from the norm — outliers, extreme successes, or conspicuous failures. The goal is not statistical representation but deep learning from cases that illuminate the boundaries of a phenomenon, challenge prevailing assumptions, or reveal processes that typical cases obscure.	Maximum variation sampling is a purposive qualitative sampling strategy in which the researcher deliberately selects cases that span the widest possible range of variation on dimensions central to the study. The goal is not statistical representation but the identification of common patterns that cut across diverse cases as well as the documentation of the unique ways each context shapes the phenomenon under investigation.