方法对比

	Demographic and Health Survey Analysis	Asset Index Construction
领域	Development Studies	Development Studies
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	1984	2001
提出者	USAID / The DHS Program (ICF)	Deon Filmer & Lant Pritchett
类型	Nationally representative population and health survey	Composite socioeconomic-status proxy index
开创性文献	Croft, T. N., Marshall, A. M. J., Allen, C. K., et al. (2018). Guide to DHS Statistics: DHS-7. Rockville, MD: ICF, The DHS Program.	Filmer, D., & Pritchett, L. H. (2001). Estimating Wealth Effects without Expenditure Data—or Tears: An Application to Educational Enrollments in States of India. Demography, 38(1), 115-132.
别名	DHS, Demographic and Health Survey, DHS Program survey, Standard DHS	Wealth Index, Asset Index, PCA Wealth Index, Socioeconomic Status Index
相关	4	4
摘要	The Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) are nationally representative household surveys that provide standardised, internationally comparable data on population, health, and nutrition in low- and middle-income countries. Funded primarily by USAID and implemented through The DHS Program, they use model questionnaires, a complex multi-stage sample design, and a standardised wealth index to produce indicators of fertility, child and maternal mortality, family planning, child nutrition, and disease prevalence that drive health policy and programme monitoring worldwide.	Asset index construction builds a proxy for household wealth or socioeconomic status from observable possessions — durable goods, housing quality, and access to utilities — when reliable income or consumption data are unavailable. The dominant approach, popularized by Deon Filmer and Lant Pritchett in 2001, applies principal component analysis (PCA) to a set of asset variables and uses the first principal component as a set of weights, producing a single wealth score for each household. The method underlies the wealth quintiles reported in Demographic and Health Surveys and many other household surveys across low- and middle-income countries.