方法对比
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| 德尔菲技术× | 焦点小组研究× | |
|---|---|---|
| 领域≠ | 调查方法论 | 质性 |
| 方法族 | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| 起源年份≠ | 1950s–1963 | 1940s (sociological origin); modern applied form from the 1980s–1990s |
| 提出者≠ | Norman Dalkey and Olaf Helmer (RAND Corporation) | Robert K. Merton (sociological precursor, 1940s); popularised in applied research by Richard A. Krueger |
| 类型≠ | Iterative expert consensus technique | Qualitative data collection method |
| 开创性文献≠ | Dalkey, N., & Helmer, O. (1963). An experimental application of the Delphi method to the use of experts. Management Science, 9(3), 458–467. DOI ↗ | Krueger, R.A. & Casey, M.A. (2014). Focus Groups: A Practical Guide for Applied Research (5th ed.). Sage. ISBN: 978-1483365244 |
| 别名 | Delphi method, Delphi survey, expert consensus method, iterative expert panel | focus group discussion, FGD, group interview, Odak Grup Araştırması |
| 相关 | 6 | 6 |
| 摘要≠ | The Delphi technique is a structured, multi-round data collection method that harvests and refines expert opinion through iterative questionnaires and controlled feedback. Developed at RAND Corporation in the 1950s, it is designed to converge a dispersed expert panel toward a reliable consensus on complex, uncertain, or future-oriented questions — without the conformity pressures of face-to-face group discussion. | Focus group research is a qualitative data-collection method in which a trained moderator guides structured discussions with homogeneous groups of six to ten participants to explore ideas, attitudes, and perceptions on a defined topic. Developed from sociological roots in the 1940s and systematised for applied research by Krueger and Casey, the method leverages group interaction as a data source — revealing not just what people think, but how they negotiate and articulate views in a social setting. |
| ScholarGate数据集 ↗ |
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