方法对比
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| 德尔菲技术× | 面访调查× | |
|---|---|---|
| 领域 | 调查方法论 | 调查方法论 |
| 方法族 | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| 起源年份≠ | 1950s–1963 | 1930s–1940s (systematic survey era) |
| 提出者≠ | Norman Dalkey and Olaf Helmer (RAND Corporation) | Established practice formalised in survey methodology (Gallup, Likert, and others from the 1930s–1940s) |
| 类型≠ | Iterative expert consensus technique | Quantitative / mixed-mode data collection |
| 开创性文献≠ | Dalkey, N., & Helmer, O. (1963). An experimental application of the Delphi method to the use of experts. Management Science, 9(3), 458–467. DOI ↗ | Fowler, F. J. (2014). Survey Research Methods (5th ed.). Sage Publications. ISBN: 978-1452259000 |
| 别名 | Delphi method, Delphi survey, expert consensus method, iterative expert panel | personal interview survey, in-person survey, PAPI survey, door-to-door survey |
| 相关≠ | 6 | 5 |
| 摘要≠ | The Delphi technique is a structured, multi-round data collection method that harvests and refines expert opinion through iterative questionnaires and controlled feedback. Developed at RAND Corporation in the 1950s, it is designed to converge a dispersed expert panel toward a reliable consensus on complex, uncertain, or future-oriented questions — without the conformity pressures of face-to-face group discussion. | A face-to-face survey is a structured data collection method in which a trained interviewer meets respondents in person and administers a standardised questionnaire. The interviewer reads questions aloud, clarifies wording when permitted by protocol, and records answers — either on paper (PAPI) or a laptop/tablet (CAPI). This mode consistently achieves higher response rates and better data quality for complex or sensitive questionnaires than self-administered alternatives, and is the reference standard in large-scale population surveys. |
| ScholarGate数据集 ↗ |
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