方法对比

	航位推算	姿态航向参考系统 (AHRS)	全球导航卫星系统实时动态（GNSS RTK）
领域	航空航天	航空航天	航空航天
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	1940s	1940s	1980s
提出者	Maritime navigation tradition	Aviation heritage	GPS constellation
类型	Navigation method	System	Positioning method
开创性文献	Savage, P. G. (2007). Strapdown Inertial Integration Technology (2nd ed.). Strapdown Associates.	Savage, P. G. (2007). Strapdown Inertial Integration Technology (2nd ed.). Strapdown Associates.	Teunissen, P. J. G., & Kleusberg, A. (Eds.). (2003). GPS for Geodesy (2nd ed.). Springer-Verlag.
别名	ded reckoning, inertial navigation, odometry	AHRS system, attitude reference, heading sensor	RTK, Real-Time Kinematic positioning, GNSS-RTK, differential GNSS
相关	3	3	3
摘要	Dead Reckoning is a fundamental navigation method that estimates position and heading by integrating velocity and angular rate measurements from inertial sensors over time, without external references such as GPS. The term derives from maritime tradition ('deduced reckoning') and remains a cornerstone of aerospace and autonomous vehicle navigation. Dead reckoning works reliably in GPS-denied environments and is the baseline navigation method when external navigation aids are unavailable.	An Attitude Heading Reference System (AHRS) is a complete inertial navigation subsystem that estimates and outputs the three-dimensional orientation (attitude) and heading of a vehicle or platform. AHRS combines measurements from accelerometers, gyroscopes, and often magnetometers through sensor fusion algorithms (typically Kalman filters or complementary filters) to provide a drift-free, fast attitude estimate. AHRS is standard in aviation, marine navigation, and modern autonomous systems.	Global Navigation Satellite System Real-Time Kinematic (GNSS RTK) is a high-precision positioning technique that uses carrier phase measurements from a reference receiver at a known location to correct the position estimates of a rover receiver in real time. Developed in the 1980s, RTK exploits spatial correlation of atmospheric errors to achieve centimeter-level accuracy within tens of kilometers of the reference station. RTK is now standard in surveying, construction, autonomous vehicles, and precision agriculture.