方法对比

	抑郁焦虑压力量表-21 (DASS-21)	通用健康问卷-12 (GHQ-12)	汉密尔顿焦虑评定量表 (HAM-A)
领域	临床心理学	临床心理学	临床心理学
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	1995	1992	1959
提出者	Stephen H. Lovibond and Peter F. Lovibond	David P. Goldberg	Max Hamilton
类型	Three-dimensional mental health screening	Psychiatric symptom screening	Clinician-administered anxiety assessment
开创性文献	Lovibond, S. H., & Lovibond, P. F. (1995). Manual for the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales. Psychology Foundation of Australia.	Goldberg, D. P. (1972). The detection of psychiatric illness by questionnaire. Oxford University Press.	Hamilton, M. (1959). The assessment of anxiety states by rating. British Journal of Medical Psychology, 32(1), 50-55.
别名	DASS-21, DASS, DASS-42	GHQ-12, GHQ	HAM-A, HARS
相关	5	5	5
摘要	The Depression Anxiety Stress Scales-21 (DASS-21) is a 21-item self-report instrument measuring three correlated but distinct dimensions of psychological distress: depression, anxiety, and stress. Developed by Lovibond and Lovibond in 1995, the DASS-21 is a short form of the original 42-item DASS. It has become widely used in research and clinical settings for its brevity, multidimensional structure, and strong psychometric properties.	The General Health Questionnaire-12 (GHQ-12) is a brief, 12-item self-report screening instrument for psychological distress and mental health problems in the general population. Developed by David P. Goldberg, the GHQ-12 is the most widely used short form of the longer General Health Questionnaire series. It is designed for rapid detection of minor psychiatric morbidity and assessment of psychological well-being in clinical, occupational health, and community settings.	The Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A) is a clinician-administered assessment tool for quantifying the severity of anxiety symptoms in adults. Developed by Max Hamilton in 1959, it remains one of the most widely used instruments for evaluating anxiety in clinical and research settings. The scale measures both psychological and somatic manifestations of anxiety across 14 items.