方法对比

	DALY Computation	Abridged Life Table
领域	Global Health	Social Epidemiology
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	1994	1984
提出者	Christopher J. L. Murray; Christopher J. L. Murray & Alan D. Lopez	Chin Long Chiang; Samuel Preston, Patrick Heuveline & Michel Guillot
类型	Composite burden-of-disease metric pipeline	Demographic estimation pipeline for mortality and survivorship
开创性文献	Murray, C. J. L. (1994). Quantifying the burden of disease: the technical basis for disability-adjusted life years. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 72(3), 429-445.	Chiang, C. L. (1984). The Life Table and Its Applications. Malabar, FL: Robert E. Krieger Publishing. ISBN: 9780898745702
别名	Disability-Adjusted Life Years, Burden of Disease Computation, YLL plus YLD, GBD DALY Calculation	Abridged Life Table Method, Grouped-Age Life Table, Chiang Life Table, nMx to nqx Life Table
相关	3	3
摘要	The disability-adjusted life year, or DALY, is the central metric of the global burden of disease, expressing the total health loss from a disease, injury, or risk factor as a single time-based number. One DALY is one healthy year of life lost. The metric, developed by Christopher Murray and elaborated with Alan Lopez in the 1990s, combines two distinct kinds of loss on a common scale: the years of life lost when people die earlier than a reference life expectancy, and the years of healthy life lost when people live with illness or disability rather than in full health. By weighting time lived in poor health by its severity and adding it to time lost to premature death, the DALY makes it possible to compare conditions as different as a fatal cancer and a chronic non-fatal disease, and to rank causes of ill health across populations in a way mortality statistics alone cannot.	The abridged life table is the workhorse of demography and population health for summarizing the mortality experience of a population in a single, age-grouped table. Instead of a single-year (complete) life table, it works on broad age intervals — typically <1, 1-4, then five-year groups up to an open-ended oldest interval — which makes it robust when deaths or populations in single years of age are sparse or noisy. The construction propagates a small set of inputs, the age-specific death rates nMx, through a chain of columns: the probability of dying nqx, the survivors lx, the deaths ndx, the person-years lived nLx and Tx, and finally life expectancy ex. Chiang's 1984 treatment supplied the standard estimator and the fraction-of-interval term ax that controls how person-years are allocated within each interval, while Preston, Heuveline and Guillot's 2001 textbook codified the modern pipeline used across demography and epidemiology.