方法对比

	Cultural Salience Analysis	Free Listing
领域	Anthropology	Anthropology
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	1997	1988
提出者	Smith & Borgatti; cognitive anthropology tradition	Cognitive anthropology tradition (formalized by Weller & Romney; Borgatti)
类型	Analysis procedure for quantifying item importance in free-list data	Elicitation procedure for the items and salience of a cultural domain
开创性文献	Bernard, H. R. (2017). Research Methods in Anthropology: Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches (6th ed.). Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN: 9780759112421	Weller, S. C., & Romney, A. K. (1988). Systematic Data Collection. Qualitative Research Methods Series 10. Newbury Park, CA: Sage. ISBN: 9780803930742
别名	Salience Analysis, Smith's Salience Index, Free-List Salience Analysis, Item Salience Scoring	Free Lists, Free-List Task, Free Recall Listing, Freelisting
相关	4	4
摘要	Cultural salience analysis is the analytical step that turns raw free-list data into a ranked measure of how culturally central each item is, by combining two signals that free lists capture for free: how often an item is mentioned and how early it appears in informants' lists. The standard estimator is Smith's salience index S, which credits each item for being both common across people and prominent in recall, then averages that credit over the whole sample. Breaking salience out by code or subgroup further reveals how the importance of items shifts across genders, ages, expertise levels, or cultural groups.	Free listing is a foundational elicitation technique in cognitive anthropology in which informants are asked to name, in any order, all the items they can think of that belong to a cultural domain — for example 'all the kinds of fruit' or 'all the things that can give you a cold.' Aggregating these lists reveals both the content of the domain (which items belong) and the salience of each item (how culturally central it is), inferred from how frequently and how early it is mentioned.