方法对比

	Cultural Models Analysis	Free Listing
领域	Anthropology	Anthropology
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	2005	1988
提出者	Cognitive anthropology of cultural models (Quinn, Holland, D'Andrade, Strauss)	Cognitive anthropology tradition (formalized by Weller & Romney; Borgatti)
类型	Discourse-analytic method for reconstructing shared tacit cognitive schemas	Elicitation procedure for the items and salience of a cultural domain
开创性文献	Quinn, N. (Ed.) (2005). Finding Culture in Talk: A Collection of Methods. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN: 9781403969132	Weller, S. C., & Romney, A. K. (1988). Systematic Data Collection. Qualitative Research Methods Series 10. Newbury Park, CA: Sage. ISBN: 9780803930742
别名	Cultural Schema Analysis, Cultural Models Theory, Schema-Based Discourse Analysis, Finding Culture in Talk	Free Lists, Free-List Task, Free Recall Listing, Freelisting
相关	4	4
摘要	Cultural models analysis is a discourse-analytic method for reconstructing the shared, largely tacit cognitive schemas — the cultural models — that organize how members of a group understand a domain such as marriage, success, or illness. Rather than asking people to state their models directly (they usually cannot), the analyst examines what speakers say spontaneously: the key words they reach for, the metaphors they reason with, and the assumptions their arguments take for granted. Recurring patterns across many speakers' talk are taken as traces of an underlying schema that the talk presupposes but never fully spells out.	Free listing is a foundational elicitation technique in cognitive anthropology in which informants are asked to name, in any order, all the items they can think of that belong to a cultural domain — for example 'all the kinds of fruit' or 'all the things that can give you a cold.' Aggregating these lists reveals both the content of the domain (which items belong) and the salience of each item (how culturally central it is), inferred from how frequently and how early it is mentioned.