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| 交叉自然实验× | 双重差分法 (Diff-in-Diff)× | |
|---|---|---|
| 领域≠ | 实验设计 | 计量经济学 |
| 方法族≠ | Process / pipeline | Regression model |
| 起源年份≠ | Crossover designs: mid-20th century; applied to natural experiments: 1990s–2000s | 1994 |
| 提出者≠ | Drawn from crossover trial methods (Jones & Kenward) and natural experiment tradition (Mill, 1843; Dunning, 2012) | Card & Krueger (canonical 1994 application); Angrist & Pischke (textbook treatment) |
| 类型≠ | Quasi-experimental design | Causal inference / panel regression |
| 开创性文献≠ | Dunning, T. (2012). Natural Experiments in the Social Sciences: A Design-Based Approach. Cambridge University Press. ISBN: 978-1107698000 | Angrist, J. D., & Pischke, J.-S. (2009). Mostly Harmless Econometrics: An Empiricist's Companion. Princeton University Press. ISBN: 978-0691120355 |
| 别名 | within-unit natural experiment, reversal natural experiment, crossover quasi-experiment | diff-in-diff, DiD, Farkların Farkı (Diff-in-Diff) |
| 相关 | 5 | 5 |
| 摘要≠ | A crossover natural experiment exploits an externally imposed condition — a policy change, law, or environmental event — that exposes the same units (individuals, regions, firms) to both treatment and control states at different times. By observing each unit in multiple conditions, researchers use within-unit variation to estimate causal effects without researcher-controlled randomization, combining the internal validity advantage of crossover designs with the real-world relevance of natural experiments. | Difference-in-Differences is a causal-inference method that estimates the effect of an intervention by comparing how a treatment group and a control group change over time. Made famous by Card and Krueger's 1994 minimum-wage study and developed in Angrist and Pischke's Mostly Harmless Econometrics, it isolates the treatment effect as the difference between the two groups' before-after changes. |
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