方法对比

	交叉现场实验	多基线设计
领域	实验设计	实验设计
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	1960s–1970s (field experiment framework); crossover application in non-clinical fields from 1980s onward	1968
提出者	Crossover design principles attributed to R. A. Fisher (1930s); field experiment tradition developed by Donald T. Campbell and Julian Stanley (1960s)	Donald M. Baer, Montrose M. Wolf, Todd R. Risley
类型	Within-subject experimental design conducted in naturalistic settings	Single-subject experimental design
开创性文献	Senn, S. (2002). Cross-over Trials in Clinical Research (2nd ed.). John Wiley & Sons. ISBN: 978-0471496533	Baer, D. M., Wolf, M. M., & Risley, T. R. (1968). Some current dimensions of applied behavior analysis. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 1(1), 91–97.
别名	within-subject field experiment, crossover field trial, repeated-measures field experiment, field crossover design	MBD, multiple-baseline single-case design, staggered baseline design, multiple-probe design
相关	5	4
摘要	A crossover field experiment is a within-subject experimental design conducted outside the laboratory in naturalistic, real-world settings. Each participant or unit receives multiple treatments in a randomized sequence, separated by washout periods, allowing researchers to observe causal effects while each unit serves as its own control. This approach combines the internal validity of crossover designs with the ecological validity characteristic of field experimentation.	The multiple baseline design is a single-subject experimental design that demonstrates functional control by introducing an intervention at staggered time points across two or more baselines — typically across different behaviors, individuals, or settings. Because no withdrawal of treatment is required, it is especially suitable when the target behavior is irreversible or when removing an effective intervention would be unethical.