方法对比

	交叉现场实验	交叉实验室实验
领域	实验设计	实验设计
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	1960s–1970s (field experiment framework); crossover application in non-clinical fields from 1980s onward	Mid-20th century; consolidated 1980s–2000s
提出者	Crossover design principles attributed to R. A. Fisher (1930s); field experiment tradition developed by Donald T. Campbell and Julian Stanley (1960s)	Established in pharmacological and behavioral research; Jones & Kenward formalized the framework
类型	Within-subject experimental design conducted in naturalistic settings	Within-subjects experimental design
开创性文献	Senn, S. (2002). Cross-over Trials in Clinical Research (2nd ed.). John Wiley & Sons. ISBN: 978-0471496533	Jones, B., & Kenward, M. G. (2014). Design and Analysis of Cross-Over Trials (3rd ed.). CRC Press. ISBN: 978-1439861424
别名	within-subject field experiment, crossover field trial, repeated-measures field experiment, field crossover design	within-subjects crossover lab study, repeated-measures crossover experiment, crossover controlled lab experiment, within-person laboratory crossover trial
相关	5	5
摘要	A crossover field experiment is a within-subject experimental design conducted outside the laboratory in naturalistic, real-world settings. Each participant or unit receives multiple treatments in a randomized sequence, separated by washout periods, allowing researchers to observe causal effects while each unit serves as its own control. This approach combines the internal validity of crossover designs with the ecological validity characteristic of field experimentation.	A crossover laboratory experiment is a within-subjects experimental design conducted in a controlled lab environment in which each participant receives two or more treatments sequentially, serving as their own control. By eliminating between-person variability from the error term, it yields high statistical power with relatively small samples. Treatment order is randomized or counterbalanced across participants to guard against order and carryover effects.