方法对比

	交叉设计	配对样本 t 检验
领域	实验设计	统计学
方法族	Hypothesis test	Hypothesis test
起源年份	1960	1908
提出者	Early formalized in clinical research literature; widely used since mid-20th century	Student (W. S. Gosset)
类型	Within-subject repeated-measures design	Parametric mean comparison (paired)
开创性文献	Senn, S. (2002). Cross-over Trials in Clinical Research (2nd ed.). Wiley. ISBN: 978-0471496533	Field, A. (2013). Discovering Statistics Using IBM SPSS Statistics (4th ed.). SAGE. ISBN: 978-1446249185
别名	within-subject crossover, cross-over design, AB/BA design, Çapraz Desen (Crossover Design)	dependent samples t-test, repeated measures t-test, matched-pairs t-test, eşleştirilmiş örneklem t-testi
相关	6	4
摘要	A crossover design is an experimental design in which each participant receives all treatments under investigation, but in a different sequence and across separate time periods. Each subject thus acts as their own control, which substantially reduces between-subject variability and allows efficient treatment comparisons with smaller sample sizes. The approach has been central to clinical pharmacology and comparative research since the mid-20th century, with foundational methodology codified by Senn (2002) and Jones & Kenward (2014).	The paired samples t-test is a parametric hypothesis test that compares two measurements taken on the same subjects — such as a before and after reading — to decide whether the average change differs from zero. It rests on the t-distribution introduced by Student (W. S. Gosset) in 1908 and works on the within-subject difference scores rather than the raw measurements.