方法对比

	ABAB交替设计	多基线设计	随机对照试验 (RCT)
领域	实验设计	实验设计	实验设计
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Hypothesis test
起源年份	1960s–1970s	1968	1948
提出者	Murray Sidman and colleagues in applied behavior analysis	Donald M. Baer, Montrose M. Wolf, Todd R. Risley	James Lind (early precursor, 1747); modern formulation: Austin Bradford Hill & Medical Research Council (1948)
类型	Single-subject experimental design	Single-subject experimental design	Interventional comparative study
开创性文献	Barlow, D. H., Nock, M. K., & Hersen, M. (2009). Single Case Experimental Designs: Strategies for Studying Behavior Change (3rd ed.). Pearson. ISBN: 978-0205474929	Baer, D. M., Wolf, M. M., & Risley, T. R. (1968). Some current dimensions of applied behavior analysis. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 1(1), 91–97.	Schulz, K.F., Altman, D.G., Moher, D., for the CONSORT Group (2010). CONSORT 2010 Statement: Updated Guidelines for Reporting Parallel Group Randomised Trials. BMJ, 340, c332.
别名	ABAB reversal design, reversal design, withdrawal design, ABAB single-subject design	MBD, multiple-baseline single-case design, staggered baseline design, multiple-probe design	RCT, randomised controlled trial, clinical trial, Randomize Kontrollü Çalışma (RCT) Tasarımı
相关	2	4	7
摘要	The crossover ABAB design is a single-subject experimental design that alternates between baseline (A) and intervention (B) conditions twice within the same participant. By withdrawing and reintroducing the treatment, the researcher can demonstrate experimental control: if behavior improves with B and reverts with A, the causal link between the intervention and the outcome is established without a separate control group.	The multiple baseline design is a single-subject experimental design that demonstrates functional control by introducing an intervention at staggered time points across two or more baselines — typically across different behaviors, individuals, or settings. Because no withdrawal of treatment is required, it is especially suitable when the target behavior is irreversible or when removing an effective intervention would be unethical.	A randomized controlled trial (RCT) is the gold standard experimental design in clinical and health research, in which participants are randomly allocated to a treatment group or a control group so that the effect of an intervention can be measured with the highest possible degree of internal validity. The modern parallel-group RCT was formalized by Austin Bradford Hill and the Medical Research Council in their landmark streptomycin trial of 1948, and its reporting is governed today by the CONSORT 2010 guidelines (Schulz et al., 2010).