方法对比

	Crossformer：用于多元时间序列预测的跨维度依赖Transformer	iTransformer：用于多元时间序列预测的倒置Transformer	PatchTST
领域	深度学习	深度学习	深度学习
方法族	Machine learning	Machine learning	Machine learning
起源年份	2023	2024	2023
提出者	Yunhao Zhang & Junchi Yan	Yong Liu et al.	Nie, Y. et al.
类型	Transformer-based multivariate time-series forecasting model	Inverted-attention sequence model	Transformer for time series forecasting
开创性文献	Zhang, Y., & Yan, J. (2023). Crossformer: Transformer utilizing cross-dimension dependency for multivariate time series forecasting. ICLR.	Liu, Y., Hu, T., Zhang, H., Wu, H., Wang, S., Ma, L., & Long, M. (2024). iTransformer: Inverted transformers are effective for time series forecasting. ICLR.	Nie, Y., Nguyen, N. H., Sinthong, P. & Kalagnanam, J. (2023). A Time Series is Worth 64 Words: Long-term Forecasting with Transformers. ICLR.
别名	Cross-Dimension Dependency Transformer, Crossformer TSF, Çapraz-Boyut Bağımlılık Transformatörü	Inverted Transformer, iTransformer for Time Series, Inverted Attention Transformer, Ters Transformer	PatchTST — Yama Tabanlı Zaman Serisi Transformer, patch-based time series transformer, channel-independent transformer
相关	3	2	3
摘要	Crossformer is a Transformer-based architecture for multivariate time series forecasting, introduced by Yunhao Zhang and Junchi Yan at ICLR 2023. Unlike earlier Transformer variants that treat each variate independently, Crossformer explicitly models cross-dimension dependencies alongside temporal patterns. It achieves this through a two-stage attention design — cross-time and cross-dimension — applied over segment-level embeddings organized in a hierarchical encoder, enabling the model to capture both intra-variate dynamics and inter-variate correlations simultaneously.	iTransformer is a deep-learning architecture for multivariate time-series forecasting introduced by Liu et al. at ICLR 2024. Its defining idea is to invert the conventional Transformer tokenisation strategy: instead of treating each time step as a token, iTransformer treats each variate (sensor channel or feature series) as a single token whose embedding encodes the full observed look-back window. Self-attention is then applied across variates to capture inter-series dependencies, while a feed-forward network within each token learns temporal patterns.	PatchTST is a patch-based Transformer architecture for time series forecasting, introduced by Nie and colleagues in 2023, that cuts each series into overlapping patches treated as tokens and processes channels independently. It balances computational efficiency with strong accuracy on long-horizon forecasting.