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| 交叉分类分析× | 频率分析× | |
|---|---|---|
| 领域 | 统计学 | 统计学 |
| 方法族 | Hypothesis test | Hypothesis test |
| 起源年份≠ | 1900 | 19th century |
| 提出者≠ | Karl Pearson | Classical statistics (no single inventor) |
| 类型≠ | Descriptive and inferential categorical analysis | Descriptive summary |
| 开创性文献≠ | Pearson, K. (1900). On the criterion that a given system of deviations from the probable in the case of a correlated system of variables is such that it can be reasonably supposed to have arisen from random sampling. Philosophical Magazine, 50(302), 157–175. DOI ↗ | Field, A. (2013). Discovering Statistics Using IBM SPSS Statistics (4th ed.). SAGE. ISBN: 978-1446249185 |
| 别名 | crosstab, contingency table analysis, two-way frequency table, bivariate frequency analysis | frequency distribution, frequency table, tally analysis, count analysis |
| 相关≠ | 5 | 3 |
| 摘要≠ | Cross-tabulation analysis (contingency table analysis) is a foundational descriptive and inferential technique for examining the relationship between two or more categorical variables. It arranges observed frequencies into a table of rows and columns, enabling visual inspection of patterns and formal chi-square testing of independence between the variables. | Frequency analysis is a fundamental descriptive technique that tallies how often each distinct value or category appears in a dataset. It produces absolute counts, relative percentages, and cumulative frequencies, giving an immediate picture of how observations are distributed across categories. It is the natural first step when exploring categorical or discrete variables before applying inferential tests. |
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