方法对比
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| 横断面调查研究× | 关系调查× | |
|---|---|---|
| 领域 | 研究设计 | 研究设计 |
| 方法族 | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| 起源年份≠ | 1930s–1950s (formalized with large-scale opinion and health surveys) | Mid-20th century onward (systematised ~1960s–1990s) |
| 提出者≠ | Established through the social survey tradition (Bowley, Gallup, and others in the early-to-mid 20th century) | Established in educational and social science research methodology; systematised by Fraenkel & Wallen and others |
| 类型≠ | Quantitative non-experimental design | Quantitative non-experimental survey design |
| 开创性文献≠ | Fowler, F. J. (2009). Survey Research Methods (4th ed.). Sage Publications. ISBN: 978-1412958929 | Fraenkel, J. R., Wallen, N. E., & Hyun, H. H. (2009). How to Design and Evaluate Research in Education (8th ed.). McGraw-Hill. ISBN: 978-0073525748 |
| 别名 | cross-sectional survey, single-occasion survey, prevalence survey design, snapshot survey | correlational survey, associational survey, relationship survey design, relational descriptive survey |
| 相关 | 4 | 4 |
| 摘要≠ | Cross-sectional survey research administers a structured questionnaire or interview to a representative sample of a population at one point in time. It is the workhorse design for estimating prevalence, describing group characteristics, and mapping associations among variables across a wide range of disciplines — from public health and education to marketing and political science. | Relational survey research is a quantitative, non-experimental design that gathers structured self-report data from a sample and examines the statistical associations among two or more variables. Unlike purely descriptive surveys, which only characterise distributions, relational surveys ask whether and how strongly variables co-vary — providing evidence of relationships without manipulating conditions or establishing causation. |
| ScholarGate数据集 ↗ |
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