方法对比
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| 横断面调查研究× | 描述性研究× | |
|---|---|---|
| 领域 | 研究设计 | 研究设计 |
| 方法族 | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| 起源年份≠ | 1930s–1950s (formalized with large-scale opinion and health surveys) | Late 19th century; formalized in social/behavioral sciences ~1960s–1980s |
| 提出者≠ | Established through the social survey tradition (Bowley, Gallup, and others in the early-to-mid 20th century) | Francis Galton, Karl Pearson (early empirical tradition); formalized in social science by Fred Kerlinger |
| 类型≠ | Quantitative non-experimental design | Non-experimental quantitative research design |
| 开创性文献≠ | Fowler, F. J. (2009). Survey Research Methods (4th ed.). Sage Publications. ISBN: 978-1412958929 | Creswell, J. W. (2014). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches (4th ed.). Sage. ISBN: 978-1452226101 |
| 别名 | cross-sectional survey, single-occasion survey, prevalence survey design, snapshot survey | descriptive study, descriptive survey design, observational descriptive research, non-experimental descriptive research |
| 相关≠ | 4 | 3 |
| 摘要≠ | Cross-sectional survey research administers a structured questionnaire or interview to a representative sample of a population at one point in time. It is the workhorse design for estimating prevalence, describing group characteristics, and mapping associations among variables across a wide range of disciplines — from public health and education to marketing and political science. | Descriptive research is a non-experimental quantitative design that systematically documents the characteristics, frequencies, or distributions of variables in a defined population at a given point in time. It answers 'what is' questions — who, what, when, where, and how much — without manipulating variables or drawing causal conclusions. It is one of the most widely used research designs across the social, behavioral, health, and education sciences. |
| ScholarGate数据集 ↗ |
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