方法对比
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| 横断面研究设计× | 队列研究设计× | |
|---|---|---|
| 领域 | 临床研究 | 临床研究 |
| 方法族 | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| 起源年份≠ | 1950s-1970s | 1970s-1980s |
| 提出者≠ | Epidemiologists in the mid-20th century; formalized by Kelsey, Rothman, and others | Donald Acheson, Olli Miettinen, and others in modern epidemiology |
| 类型 | Research Design | Research Design |
| 开创性文献≠ | Kelsey, J. L., Whittemore, A. S., Evans, A. S., & Thompson, W. D. (1996). Methods in Observational Epidemiology (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press. ISBN: 978-0195083299 | Miettinen, O. S. (1976). Estimability and estimation in case-referent studies. American Journal of Epidemiology, 103(2), 226–235. DOI ↗ |
| 别名 | prevalence study, cross-sectional survey, snapshot study, survey design | prospective study, follow-up study, longitudinal study, cohort study |
| 相关 | 2 | 2 |
| 摘要≠ | A cross-sectional study (or prevalence study) measures exposure and outcome simultaneously at a single point in time, producing a 'snapshot' of a population. Respondents are recruited and surveyed (or examined) on the same occasion, capturing current prevalence of both exposure and disease. Cross-sectional studies are simple, quick, and inexpensive, making them popular for needs assessments, surveillance, and generating hypotheses—though they cannot establish causality due to lack of temporal sequence. | A cohort study follows a group of individuals forward in time from exposure to outcome. Exposed and unexposed participants (or participants with differing exposure levels) are enrolled at baseline, characterized, and observed prospectively until the outcome occurs or the study ends. Cohort studies are fundamental to epidemiology and are the design of choice for establishing causal associations when randomized trials are infeasible or unethical. |
| ScholarGate数据集 ↗ |
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