方法对比
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| 横断面流行病学研究× | 队列研究× | |
|---|---|---|
| 领域 | 流行病学 | 流行病学 |
| 方法族 | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| 起源年份≠ | 1960s (formal codification); widely practiced since mid-20th century | Mid-20th century (formal epidemiological design codified ~1950s) |
| 提出者≠ | Classical epidemiology tradition; systematized by Brian MacMahon and Thomas Pugh (1960s) | Doll & Hill (British Doctors Study, 1951); Snow (cholera, 1854) |
| 类型≠ | Observational, descriptive/analytic epidemiological design | Observational longitudinal study design |
| 开创性文献≠ | Kelsey, J. L., Whittemore, A. S., Evans, A. S., & Thompson, W. D. (1996). Methods in Observational Epidemiology (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press. ISBN: 978-0195080407 | Rothman, K. J., Greenland, S., & Lash, T. L. (2008). Modern Epidemiology (3rd ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN: 978-0781755641 |
| 别名 | prevalence study, cross-sectional survey, transversal study, cross-sectional design | longitudinal study, follow-up study, panel study, incidence study |
| 相关 | 6 | 6 |
| 摘要≠ | A cross-sectional epidemiological study measures the exposure(s) and outcome(s) of interest simultaneously in a defined population at a single point in time (or over a short period). Because there is no follow-up, it is the most efficient observational design for estimating disease prevalence and for generating hypotheses about associations between risk factors and health outcomes. | A cohort study assembles a group of individuals who share a common starting point — typically freedom from the outcome of interest — and follows them over time to observe who develops the outcome. By comparing incidence rates between exposed and unexposed subgroups, researchers can estimate relative risk and absolute risk differences. Cohort studies are the gold-standard observational design for measuring disease incidence and establishing temporal relationships between exposure and outcome. |
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