方法对比
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| 临界安全分析× | 蒙特卡洛中子与粒子输运× | |
|---|---|---|
| 领域 | 核物理学 | 核物理学 |
| 方法族 | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| 起源年份≠ | 1938 | 1949 |
| 提出者≠ | Otto Hahn, Fritz Strassmann | Nicholas Metropolis, Stanislaw Ulam |
| 类型≠ | safety assessment methodology | probabilistic computational method |
| 开创性文献≠ | American National Standards Institute (2019). Nuclear Criticality Safety in Operations with Fissionable Material Outside Reactors. ANSI/ANS-8.1-19.40. link ↗ | Metropolis, N., & Ulam, S. (1949). The Monte Carlo Method. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 44(247), 335–341. DOI ↗ |
| 别名 | nuclear safety assessment, chain reaction analysis, fissile material control | Monte Carlo simulation, stochastic transport, particle history method |
| 相关 | 5 | 5 |
| 摘要≠ | Criticality safety analysis is a systematic evaluation of fissile material systems to ensure nuclear chain reactions remain controlled, originating from Hahn and Strassmann's 1938 discovery of nuclear fission. It determines safe limits on fissile mass, concentration, geometry, and spacing using neutron transport calculations and experimental validation to prevent uncontrolled nuclear excursions in storage, processing, and transportation. | Monte Carlo neutron and particle transport is a stochastic simulation method that tracks individual particle histories through matter, developed by Metropolis and Ulam in 1949 during the Manhattan Project. By sampling random numbers to determine collision locations, energy transfers, and scattering angles, it produces unbiased estimates of reaction rates, flux distributions, and detector responses without discretizing angle or energy variables. |
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