方法对比
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| 对照组实验设计× | 随机对照试验 (RCT)× | |
|---|---|---|
| 领域 | 实验设计 | 实验设计 |
| 方法族≠ | Process / pipeline | Hypothesis test |
| 起源年份≠ | 1935 (Fisher); 1963 (Campbell & Stanley codification) | 1948 |
| 提出者≠ | Ronald A. Fisher; systematised by Donald T. Campbell & Julian C. Stanley | James Lind (early precursor, 1747); modern formulation: Austin Bradford Hill & Medical Research Council (1948) |
| 类型≠ | Experimental research design | Interventional comparative study |
| 开创性文献≠ | Campbell, D. T., & Stanley, J. C. (1963). Experimental and Quasi-Experimental Designs for Research. Rand McNally. link ↗ | Schulz, K.F., Altman, D.G., Moher, D., for the CONSORT Group (2010). CONSORT 2010 Statement: Updated Guidelines for Reporting Parallel Group Randomised Trials. BMJ, 340, c332. DOI ↗ |
| 别名 | controlled experiment, true experimental design, randomized controlled design, treatment-control design | RCT, randomised controlled trial, clinical trial, Randomize Kontrollü Çalışma (RCT) Tasarımı |
| 相关≠ | 4 | 7 |
| 摘要≠ | Control group experimental design is a fundamental experimental structure in which participants are assigned to at least two groups — a treatment group that receives the intervention and a control group that does not — so that the effect of the intervention can be isolated by comparing outcomes across groups. Randomisation of assignment strengthens causal inference by balancing known and unknown confounders. | A randomized controlled trial (RCT) is the gold standard experimental design in clinical and health research, in which participants are randomly allocated to a treatment group or a control group so that the effect of an intervention can be measured with the highest possible degree of internal validity. The modern parallel-group RCT was formalized by Austin Bradford Hill and the Medical Research Council in their landmark streptomycin trial of 1948, and its reporting is governed today by the CONSORT 2010 guidelines (Schulz et al., 2010). |
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