方法对比

	对照组实验设计	析因实验
领域	实验设计	实验设计
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	1935 (Fisher); 1963 (Campbell & Stanley codification)	1926–1935
提出者	Ronald A. Fisher; systematised by Donald T. Campbell & Julian C. Stanley	Ronald A. Fisher
类型	Experimental research design	Quantitative experimental design
开创性文献	Campbell, D. T., & Stanley, J. C. (1963). Experimental and Quasi-Experimental Designs for Research. Rand McNally.	Fisher, R. A. (1935). The Design of Experiments. Oliver and Boyd.
别名	controlled experiment, true experimental design, randomized controlled design, treatment-control design	factorial design, factorial ANOVA design, multi-factor experiment, crossed-factor design
相关	4	6
摘要	Control group experimental design is a fundamental experimental structure in which participants are assigned to at least two groups — a treatment group that receives the intervention and a control group that does not — so that the effect of the intervention can be isolated by comparing outcomes across groups. Randomisation of assignment strengthens causal inference by balancing known and unknown confounders.	A factorial experiment is an experimental design in which two or more independent variables (factors) are manipulated simultaneously, and every combination of their levels is tested. Introduced by Ronald Fisher in the 1920s–1930s, it is the standard approach whenever a researcher needs to detect not only the main effect of each factor but also whether the effect of one factor depends on the level of another — the interaction effect.