方法对比

	Contingent Valuation Method	Choice Experiment Valuation
领域	经济学	经济学
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	1963	1974
提出者	Robert K. Davis (early use); methodology codified by the NOAA panel	Random utility theory (McFadden); applied to valuation by Louviere & Hensher
类型	Survey-based stated-preference valuation method	Attribute-based stated-preference valuation method
开创性文献	Hanemann, W. M. (1994). Valuing the environment through contingent valuation. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 8(4), 19–43.	McFadden, D. (1974). Conditional logit analysis of qualitative choice behavior. In P. Zarembka (Ed.), Frontiers in Econometrics (pp. 105–142). New York: Academic Press. ISBN: 9780127761503
别名	CVM, Stated-Preference Valuation, Willingness-to-Pay Survey, Survey-Based Non-Market Valuation	Discrete Choice Experiment, DCE, Choice-Based Conjoint Valuation, Stated Choice Experiment
相关	2	2
摘要	The contingent valuation method (CVM) is a survey-based stated-preference technique for estimating the economic value people place on goods that are not traded in markets — clean air, an endangered species, a wilderness area, the existence of a natural resource. Respondents are presented with a carefully constructed hypothetical scenario and asked how much they would be willing to pay for a described change in provision; their answers are used to estimate mean or median willingness to pay, including non-use (existence) values that no market reveals.	A choice experiment (discrete choice experiment, DCE) is an attribute-based stated-preference method that values non-market goods by describing them as bundles of characteristics and asking respondents to choose repeatedly among competing alternatives — one of which always carries a cost. Grounded in random utility theory, the choices are modeled with a discrete-choice model whose coefficients reveal the relative value of each attribute, and dividing any attribute's coefficient by the cost coefficient yields its marginal willingness to pay.