方法对比

	定性内容分析	话语分析	主题分析
领域	质性研究	质性研究	质性研究
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	1980	1989 (Fairclough); 1987 (Potter & Wetherell)	2006
提出者	Klaus Krippendorff; refined by Margrit Schreier	Norman Fairclough; Jonathan Potter and Margaret Wetherell	Virginia Braun and Victoria Clarke
类型	Method	Method	Method
开创性文献	Krippendorff, K. (1980). Content analysis: An introduction to its methodology. Sage Publications.	Fairclough, N. (1989). Language and power. Longman.	Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77–101.
别名	Content Analysis, Categorical Content Analysis	DA, Critical Discourse Analysis, Discursive Analysis	TA, Reflexive Thematic Analysis
相关	2	2	3
摘要	Qualitative Content Analysis (QCA) is a systematic, inductive method for analyzing textual or visual data by identifying and categorizing meaning units into content categories. Developed and formalized by Klaus Krippendorff (1980), QCA can be purely qualitative (inductive, exploratory) or combined with quantitative counting; it analyzes manifest content (explicit, surface meanings) and latent content (underlying, interpretive meanings).	Discourse analysis is a qualitative research methodology that examines how language, communication, and power shape meaning, identity, and social reality. Developed across linguistics, sociology, and psychology (particularly by Norman Fairclough and Jonathan Potter), discourse analysis goes beyond content to analyze language use as a social practice that constitutes and reflects power relations, ideologies, and social structures.	Thematic Analysis (TA) is a qualitative research methodology for identifying, analyzing, and reporting patterns (themes) in qualitative data. Developed systematically by Virginia Braun and Victoria Clarke (2006), TA is flexible and accessible, applicable across diverse theoretical frameworks and data types, making it one of the most widely used qualitative methods in psychology, health research, and social sciences.