方法对比

	约束规划	整数规划	禁忌搜索
领域	优化	优化	优化
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	2006	1958	1989
提出者	Rossi, van Beek & Walsh	Ralph Gomory (cutting planes, 1958); land-and-doig branch-and-bound (1960)	Fred Glover
类型	Declarative combinatorial optimization	Mathematical optimisation — exact combinatorial method	Local-search metaheuristic
开创性文献	Rossi, F., van Beek, P., & Walsh, T. (Eds.). (2006). Handbook of Constraint Programming. Elsevier. ISBN: 978-0-444-52726-4	Wolsey, L.A. (1998). Integer Programming. Wiley. ISBN: 9780471283669	Glover, F. (1989). Tabu Search — Part I. ORSA Journal on Computing, 1(3), 190–206.
别名	Constraint Satisfaction Programming, Constraint-Based Optimization, Kısıt Programlama, CSP Optimization	IP, MIP, mixed-integer programming, mixed-integer linear programming	Tabu Araması (Tabu Search), TS, tabu metaheuristic
相关	3	4	4
摘要	Constraint Programming (CP) is a declarative optimization paradigm in which a problem is formulated as a set of variables, finite domains, and constraints, and a solver systematically searches for assignments that satisfy all constraints. Formalized comprehensively by Rossi, van Beek, and Walsh in their 2006 Handbook of Constraint Programming, CP unifies propagation-based pruning with intelligent backtracking search to tackle combinatorial problems across scheduling, planning, and configuration domains.	Integer programming (IP), also called mixed-integer programming (MIP) when only some variables are restricted to whole numbers, is a branch of mathematical optimisation in which some or all decision variables must take integer or binary values. Building on linear programming, it was formalised through Ralph Gomory's cutting-plane method (1958) and the Land-and-Doig branch-and-bound algorithm (1960), and it has since become the standard exact framework for scheduling, assignment, routing, and resource-allocation problems.	Tabu Search is a local-search metaheuristic introduced by Fred Glover in 1989 that uses a tabu list — a short-term memory of recently visited solutions — to prevent cycling and escape local optima. By explicitly forbidding moves that reverse recent decisions, the algorithm explores the search space more broadly and, through long-term memory structures such as aspiration criteria, aims to approach the global optimum even in large, complex combinatorial problems.