方法对比

	并发多层混合方法设计	多层次混合方法设计
领域	研究设计	研究设计
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	2000s–2010s	Late 1990s–2000s
提出者	John W. Creswell & Vicki L. Plano Clark; Anthony Onwuegbuzie & colleagues	Bonnie Nastasi, John Hitchcock, and collaborators; systematized by Creswell & Plano Clark
类型	Mixed methods research design	Mixed methods research design
开创性文献	Creswell, J. W., & Plano Clark, V. L. (2018). Designing and Conducting Mixed Methods Research (3rd ed.). Sage. ISBN: 978-1483344996	Creswell, J. W., & Plano Clark, V. L. (2018). Designing and Conducting Mixed Methods Research (3rd ed.). Sage Publications. ISBN: 978-1483357829
别名	simultaneous multilevel mixed methods, parallel multilevel mixed methods, multilevel concurrent mixed methods, QUAN+QUAL multilevel design	multilevel MMR, nested mixed methods, hierarchical mixed methods design, cross-level mixed methods
相关	6	5
摘要	Concurrent multilevel mixed methods design collects quantitative and qualitative data simultaneously at two or more levels of a nested social system — for example, students within classrooms within schools — then integrates findings across those levels to produce a layered, comprehensive understanding of the phenomenon. The concurrent timing means both data strands are gathered in the same phase rather than one informing the other sequentially.	Multilevel mixed methods design is a research approach that collects and integrates both quantitative and qualitative data at two or more distinct levels of a social or organizational hierarchy — for example, individuals nested within classrooms, classrooms within schools, or patients within healthcare teams. By pairing quantitative measurement of outcomes at one level with qualitative exploration of meaning at another, researchers gain a richer, more complete picture than either strand alone could provide.