方法对比

	并行案例聚焦混合方法	多层次混合方法设计
领域	研究设计	研究设计
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	2000s–2010s (formalized in Creswell & Plano Clark 2011, 2018)	Late 1990s–2000s
提出者	Creswell & Plano Clark (mixed methods typology); Yin (case study methods)	Bonnie Nastasi, John Hitchcock, and collaborators; systematized by Creswell & Plano Clark
类型	Mixed methods research design	Mixed methods research design
开创性文献	Creswell, J. W., & Plano Clark, V. L. (2018). Designing and Conducting Mixed Methods Research (3rd ed.). Sage.	Creswell, J. W., & Plano Clark, V. L. (2018). Designing and Conducting Mixed Methods Research (3rd ed.). Sage Publications. ISBN: 978-1483357829
别名	concurrent case study mixed methods, parallel case-focused mixed design, simultaneous case mixed methods, case-embedded concurrent mixed design	multilevel MMR, nested mixed methods, hierarchical mixed methods design, cross-level mixed methods
相关	6	5
摘要	Concurrent case-focused mixed methods is a research design in which quantitative and qualitative data are collected simultaneously — rather than in sequence — and both strands are anchored within one or more bounded cases (e.g., a school, a program, a community, or an organisation). The two data strands are analyzed separately, then merged or compared to produce a fuller, case-grounded understanding than either strand could yield alone.	Multilevel mixed methods design is a research approach that collects and integrates both quantitative and qualitative data at two or more distinct levels of a social or organizational hierarchy — for example, individuals nested within classrooms, classrooms within schools, or patients within healthcare teams. By pairing quantitative measurement of outcomes at one level with qualitative exploration of meaning at another, researchers gain a richer, more complete picture than either strand alone could provide.