方法对比

	Componential Analysis (Ethnographic)	Folk Taxonomy Analysis	Spradley Domain Analysis
领域	Anthropology	Anthropology	Anthropology
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	1979	1979	1979
提出者	Ethnoscience tradition (Goodenough, Lounsbury; systematized by Spradley)	Ethnoscience / cognitive anthropology (systematized by Spradley)	James P. Spradley
类型	Feature-based analysis of contrasts within a folk domain	Procedure for reconstructing hierarchical folk classifications	Interpretive procedure for discovering folk semantic domains
开创性文献	Spradley, J. P. (1979). The Ethnographic Interview. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston. ISBN: 9780030444968	Spradley, J. P. (1979). The Ethnographic Interview. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston. ISBN: 9780030444968	Spradley, J. P. (1979). The Ethnographic Interview. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston. ISBN: 9780030444968
别名	Ethnographic Componential Analysis, Feature Analysis of Kin and Folk Terms, Componential Analysis of Meaning, Contrast-Set Feature Analysis	Taxonomic Analysis, Folk Classification Analysis, Folk Taxonomies, Ethnotaxonomy	Developmental Research Sequence, DRS Domain Analysis, Ethnographic Domain Analysis, Semantic Domain Analysis
相关	3	3	3
摘要	Ethnographic componential analysis is the analytic step that specifies the meaning of folk terms by laying out the distinctive attributes — the components — that distinguish each term from the others in the same contrast set. Rooted in the ethnoscience study of kinship terminologies and systematized within Spradley's Developmental Research Sequence, it builds a paradigm: a grid of terms against the dimensions of contrast that defines exactly what makes, say, an 'uncle' different from a 'cousin' in a given culture's own logic.	Folk taxonomy analysis — taxonomic analysis in Spradley's terms — reconstructs how a culture hierarchically classifies the items of a domain through the inclusion relationship 'is a kind of.' It takes the terms surfaced in domain analysis and arranges them into nested levels, revealing the folk classification system: which broad categories contain which narrower ones, and how deep the hierarchy goes. The result is the culture's own taxonomy, which may differ markedly from any scientific one.	Spradley's domain analysis is the first analytic step in James Spradley's Developmental Research Sequence for ethnography. It systematically searches interview and observation data for cultural domains — categories of meaning organized around a cover term and the more specific terms it includes — by looking for the semantic relationships, such as 'is a kind of' or 'is a way to,' that informants use to connect them. The goal is to discover how members of a culture organize their knowledge in their own words.