方法对比

	Community Needs Assessment	Program Evaluation in Social Work
领域	Social Work	Social Work
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	1972	2004
提出者	Social-planning tradition; need typology by Jonathan Bradshaw	Evaluation-research tradition (Rossi, Lipsey, Freeman); social-work application by Royse, Thyer & Padgett
类型	Systematic assessment of the unmet needs of a community or population	Systematic assessment of the need, design, implementation, and outcomes of a program
开创性文献	Bradshaw, J. (1972). A taxonomy of social need. In G. McLachlan (Ed.), Problems and Progress in Medical Care: Essays on Current Research, 7th Series (pp. 71–82). Oxford University Press.	Rossi, P. H., Lipsey, M. W., & Freeman, H. E. (2004). Evaluation: A Systematic Approach (7th ed.). SAGE Publications. ISBN: 9780761908944
别名	Needs Assessment, Community Needs Analysis, Needs Assessment Survey, Community Assessment	Social Program Evaluation, Human Services Program Evaluation, Outcome and Process Evaluation, Evaluation Research (Social Work)
相关	4	4
摘要	A community needs assessment is a systematic process for identifying, documenting, and prioritizing the unmet needs of a community or population in order to plan programs, allocate resources, and justify funding. It draws on multiple kinds of evidence — statistical indicators, what people say they need, the services they actually seek, and comparisons with other areas — and a guiding typology, such as Jonathan Bradshaw's four types of social need, helps assessors recognize that 'need' is not a single, self-evident quantity but a judgment that depends on whose definition and which standard is applied.	Program evaluation in social work is the systematic application of social-science methods to judge a program's need, design, implementation, outcomes, and efficiency, in order to improve programs and inform decisions about them. Drawing on the evaluation-research tradition of Rossi, Lipsey, and Freeman and adapted for social work by Royse, Thyer, and Padgett, it spans a hierarchy of evaluation questions — from whether a program is needed and well-conceived to whether it is delivered as intended, produces the intended outcomes, and is worth its cost.