方法对比

	Community Needs Assessment	Concept Mapping
领域	Social Work	Social Work
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	1972	1989
提出者	Social-planning tradition; need typology by Jonathan Bradshaw	William M. K. Trochim
类型	Systematic assessment of the unmet needs of a community or population	Mixed-method structured group conceptualization producing a visual cluster map
开创性文献	Bradshaw, J. (1972). A taxonomy of social need. In G. McLachlan (Ed.), Problems and Progress in Medical Care: Essays on Current Research, 7th Series (pp. 71–82). Oxford University Press.	Trochim, W. M. K. (1989). An introduction to concept mapping for planning and evaluation. Evaluation and Program Planning, 12(1), 1–16.
别名	Needs Assessment, Community Needs Analysis, Needs Assessment Survey, Community Assessment	Group Concept Mapping, Structured Conceptualization, Trochim Concept Mapping, Concept Mapping for Planning and Evaluation
相关	4	4
摘要	A community needs assessment is a systematic process for identifying, documenting, and prioritizing the unmet needs of a community or population in order to plan programs, allocate resources, and justify funding. It draws on multiple kinds of evidence — statistical indicators, what people say they need, the services they actually seek, and comparisons with other areas — and a guiding typology, such as Jonathan Bradshaw's four types of social need, helps assessors recognize that 'need' is not a single, self-evident quantity but a judgment that depends on whose definition and which standard is applied.	Concept mapping, in the structured sense developed by William Trochim, is a mixed-method process that lets a group develop a shared conceptual framework on a topic and represent it as a visual map. Participants generate statements about a focus question, sort them into thematic piles, and rate them; multidimensional scaling and cluster analysis then turn those sortings into a two-dimensional map of clustered ideas. Widely used in social-work and human-services planning and evaluation, it combines the openness of group brainstorming with the rigor of quantitative analysis to surface and structure stakeholder thinking.