方法对比

	Community Needs Assessment	Asset-Based Community Development
领域	Social Work	Social Work
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	1972	1993
提出者	Social-planning tradition; need typology by Jonathan Bradshaw	John P. Kretzmann & John L. McKnight
类型	Systematic assessment of the unmet needs of a community or population	Strengths-based approach to community practice and development
开创性文献	Bradshaw, J. (1972). A taxonomy of social need. In G. McLachlan (Ed.), Problems and Progress in Medical Care: Essays on Current Research, 7th Series (pp. 71–82). Oxford University Press.	Kretzmann, J. P., & McKnight, J. L. (1993). Building Communities from the Inside Out: A Path Toward Finding and Mobilizing a Community's Assets. ACTA Publications / Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University. ISBN: 9780879461089
别名	Needs Assessment, Community Needs Analysis, Needs Assessment Survey, Community Assessment	ABCD, Asset-Based Community Development (ABCD), Asset Mapping, Capacity-Focused Community Development
相关	4	4
摘要	A community needs assessment is a systematic process for identifying, documenting, and prioritizing the unmet needs of a community or population in order to plan programs, allocate resources, and justify funding. It draws on multiple kinds of evidence — statistical indicators, what people say they need, the services they actually seek, and comparisons with other areas — and a guiding typology, such as Jonathan Bradshaw's four types of social need, helps assessors recognize that 'need' is not a single, self-evident quantity but a judgment that depends on whose definition and which standard is applied.	Asset-based community development (ABCD) is an approach to community practice that begins by identifying and mobilizing the strengths a community already possesses — the skills of its residents, the energy of its associations, and the resources of its institutions — rather than starting from a catalogue of its problems and deficits. Articulated by John Kretzmann and John McKnight in their 1993 book Building Communities from the Inside Out, ABCD reframes community members from clients and recipients of services into citizens and producers of their own development, and is a cornerstone of strengths-based community social work.