方法对比

	簇抽样	简单随机抽样
领域	调查方法论	调查方法论
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	Early-to-mid 20th century; canonical treatment 1953/1977	Early 20th century; systematized by Cochran 1953/1977
提出者	Formalized by William G. Cochran; roots in early 20th-century U.S. Census Bureau survey practice	William Gosset, Jerzy Neyman, and formalized by William Cochran
类型	Probability sampling design	Probability sampling design
开创性文献	Cochran, W. G. (1977). Sampling Techniques (3rd ed.). Wiley. ISBN: 978-0471162407	Cochran, W. G. (1977). Sampling Techniques (3rd ed.). John Wiley & Sons. ISBN: 978-0471162407
别名	cluster random sampling, area sampling, one-stage cluster sampling	SRS, unrestricted random sampling, equal-probability sampling, EPSEM
相关	5	6
摘要	Cluster sampling is a probability sampling technique in which the population is divided into naturally occurring groups (clusters), a random sample of clusters is selected, and all — or a random subset of — members within each selected cluster are studied. It is especially practical when a complete population list is unavailable or when units are geographically dispersed, making individual random selection prohibitively expensive. One-stage cluster sampling surveys every member of selected clusters; two-stage designs add a second random draw within clusters.	Simple random sampling (SRS) is the foundational probability sampling method in which every unit in the population has an equal and independent chance of being selected. Because selection is governed purely by chance, SRS eliminates systematic bias, supports unbiased estimation of population parameters, and provides the statistical baseline against which all more complex probability designs are evaluated.