方法对比

	聚类随机多基线设计	随机对照试验 (RCT)
领域	实验设计	实验设计
方法族	Process / pipeline	Hypothesis test
起源年份	1990s–2000s	1948
提出者	Extension of Baer, Wolf & Risley (1968) multiple baseline; cluster adaptation by Murray and colleagues (1990s)	James Lind (early precursor, 1747); modern formulation: Austin Bradford Hill & Medical Research Council (1948)
类型	Experimental design (single-subject / small-N with cluster randomization)	Interventional comparative study
开创性文献	Murray, D. M. (1998). Design and Analysis of Group-Randomized Trials. Oxford University Press. ISBN: 978-0195120424	Schulz, K.F., Altman, D.G., Moher, D., for the CONSORT Group (2010). CONSORT 2010 Statement: Updated Guidelines for Reporting Parallel Group Randomised Trials. BMJ, 340, c332.
别名	CR-MBD, cluster-randomized MBD, group-randomized multiple baseline, multilevel multiple baseline design	RCT, randomised controlled trial, clinical trial, Randomize Kontrollü Çalışma (RCT) Tasarımı
相关	5	7
摘要	The cluster randomized multiple baseline design combines cluster-level random assignment with the logic of the multiple baseline design. Intact groups — such as classrooms, schools, or clinics — are randomly assigned to receive an intervention at staggered time points. This preserves the within-unit repeated-measure logic of the multiple baseline while adding the causal warrant of random assignment at the cluster level.	A randomized controlled trial (RCT) is the gold standard experimental design in clinical and health research, in which participants are randomly allocated to a treatment group or a control group so that the effect of an intervention can be measured with the highest possible degree of internal validity. The modern parallel-group RCT was formalized by Austin Bradford Hill and the Medical Research Council in their landmark streptomycin trial of 1948, and its reporting is governed today by the CONSORT 2010 guidelines (Schulz et al., 2010).