方法对比

	整群随机化实验室实验	整群随机对照试验
领域	实验设计	实验设计
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	1990s (formalized; cluster randomization principles developed in 1970s-1980s)	1978–1980s
提出者	David M. Murray (group-randomized trial methodology); built on classical cluster sampling in experimental design	Cornfield (1978); systematised by Donner and colleagues (1980s)
类型	Controlled laboratory experiment with cluster-level randomization	Experimental design
开创性文献	Murray, D. M. (1998). Design and Analysis of Group-Randomized Trials. Oxford University Press. ISBN: 978-0195120363	Donner, A., & Klar, N. (2000). Design and Analysis of Cluster Randomization Trials in Health Research. Arnold. ISBN: 978-0340652978
别名	cluster-randomized lab experiment, group-randomized laboratory study, cluster RCT laboratory variant, clustered lab trial	cluster RCT, group-randomized trial, community randomized trial, cluster-randomized experiment
相关	6	4
摘要	A cluster randomized laboratory experiment assigns intact groups — such as lab sections, cohorts, or naturally formed teams — rather than individual participants, to experimental conditions. All participants within a cluster receive the same treatment. The design is used when individual randomization would cause contamination between conditions, while retaining the controlled environment of a laboratory setting.	A cluster randomized controlled trial (cluster RCT) is an experimental design in which intact social or organisational groups — such as schools, clinics, villages, or workplaces — are randomly assigned to treatment conditions rather than individual participants. Outcomes are still measured at the individual level, but the unit of randomization is the cluster. This design is essential when an intervention is delivered to whole groups, when there is a risk of contamination between participants in the same setting, or when individual randomization is logistically or ethically impractical.