方法对比

	簇随机全因子实验	析因随机对照试验
领域	实验设计	实验设计
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	Late 20th–early 21st century (formalized ~1998–2014)	1926 (Fisher factorial foundations); 2000s–2010s (clinical factorial RCT formalization)
提出者	Synthesis of cluster randomization (Murray, 1998) and factorial design traditions (Fisher, 1935; Collins et al., 2014)	R. A. Fisher (factorial design foundations); adapted into clinical trials via MOST framework (Collins et al., 2014)
类型	Experimental design	Experimental trial design
开创性文献	Murray, D. M. (1998). Design and Analysis of Group-Randomized Trials. Oxford University Press. ISBN: 978-0195120264	Collins, L. M., Dziak, J. J., Kugler, K. C., & Trail, J. B. (2014). Factorial experiments: Efficient tools for evaluation of intervention components. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 47(4), 498–504.
别名	cluster RCT full factorial, group-randomized full factorial design, CRT full factorial, cluster full factorial trial	Factorial RCT, factorial trial, multi-factor RCT, factorial experiment with randomization
相关	6	6
摘要	A cluster-randomized full factorial experiment assigns intact groups (clusters) rather than individuals to every possible combination of two or more experimental factors. All factor-level combinations are tested simultaneously, enabling estimation of both main effects and all interaction effects, while preserving the integrity of naturally occurring social or organizational units such as schools, clinics, or communities.	A factorial randomized controlled trial (factorial RCT) is an experimental design in which participants are randomly assigned to every possible combination of two or more independent factors (treatments or intervention components) simultaneously. This allows researchers to estimate the main effect of each factor and their interactions within a single, efficient trial, rather than running separate experiments for each factor.