方法对比

	簇随机析因实验	整群随机对照试验
领域	实验设计	实验设计
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	1950s (fractional factorial); 1980s-1990s (cluster-randomized extensions)	1978–1980s
提出者	Box, Hunter & Hunter (fractional factorial foundations); Murray & colleagues (group-randomized trial methodology)	Cornfield (1978); systematised by Donner and colleagues (1980s)
类型	Experimental design (compound)	Experimental design
开创性文献	Box, G. E. P., Hunter, J. S., & Hunter, W. G. (2005). Statistics for Experimenters: Design, Innovation, and Discovery (2nd ed.). Wiley. ISBN: 978-0471718130	Donner, A., & Klar, N. (2000). Design and Analysis of Cluster Randomization Trials in Health Research. Arnold. ISBN: 978-0340652978
别名	CR-FFE, cluster-randomized fractional factorial design, group-randomized fractional factorial trial, CRFFD	cluster RCT, group-randomized trial, community randomized trial, cluster-randomized experiment
相关	5	4
摘要	A cluster-randomized fractional factorial experiment combines two design principles: randomization is applied to intact groups (clusters such as schools, clinics, or communities) rather than individuals, and only a carefully chosen fraction of all possible factor-level combinations is tested. This pairing makes it practical to screen or evaluate multiple intervention components simultaneously in settings where individual randomization is infeasible, while keeping the number of required clusters manageable.	A cluster randomized controlled trial (cluster RCT) is an experimental design in which intact social or organisational groups — such as schools, clinics, villages, or workplaces — are randomly assigned to treatment conditions rather than individual participants. Outcomes are still measured at the individual level, but the unit of randomization is the cluster. This design is essential when an intervention is delivered to whole groups, when there is a risk of contamination between participants in the same setting, or when individual randomization is logistically or ethically impractical.