方法对比
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| 簇随机适应性试验× | 自适应实验× | |
|---|---|---|
| 领域 | 实验设计 | 实验设计 |
| 方法族 | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| 起源年份≠ | 2000s–2010s | 1940s–1970s (sequential foundations); formalised in clinical and behavioural research by 1980s–2000s |
| 提出者≠ | Synthesised from cluster randomization methodology (Donner, 1978; Donner & Klar, 2000) and adaptive design frameworks (Bauer & Kohne, 1994; Pallmann et al., 2018) | Abraham Wald (sequential analysis foundation); expanded by Robbins, Armitage, and others |
| 类型≠ | Experimental design | Experimental research design |
| 开创性文献≠ | Hayes, R. J., & Moulton, L. H. (2017). Cluster Randomised Trials (2nd ed.). CRC Press / Chapman & Hall. ISBN: 978-1498728225 | Chow, S. C., & Chang, M. (2008). Adaptive Design Methods in Clinical Trials. Chapman and Hall/CRC. ISBN: 978-1584886761 |
| 别名 | adaptive cluster RCT, adaptive group-randomized trial, cluster adaptive design, adaptive cluster trial | adaptive design, response-adaptive randomization, adaptive trial, adaptive randomization |
| 相关 | 5 | 5 |
| 摘要≠ | A cluster randomized adaptive experiment combines two methodological principles: (1) intact groups such as schools, clinics, or villages are randomly assigned to treatment conditions rather than individuals, and (2) pre-specified rules allow the design to be modified during the trial based on accumulating cluster-level data. Adaptations may include dropping underperforming arms, reallocating clusters, or adjusting sample size, while maintaining statistical validity and controlling Type I error. | An adaptive experiment is an experimental design in which pre-specified rules allow the protocol to be modified — such as reallocating participants to better-performing arms, stopping early for efficacy or futility, or changing sample size — based on accumulating interim data, while maintaining statistical validity. Adaptive designs are widely used in clinical trials, behavioural economics, and online platform testing to improve efficiency and ethics without sacrificing inferential rigour. |
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