方法对比

	案例研究	焦点小组研究	叙事探究
领域	质性	质性	质性研究
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	1984 (seminal codification)	1940s (sociological origin); modern applied form from the 1980s–1990s	2000
提出者	Robert K. Yin (systematised in Case Study Research, 1984)	Robert K. Merton (sociological precursor, 1940s); popularised in applied research by Richard A. Krueger	D. Jean Clandinin and F. Michael Connelly
类型	Qualitative research design	Qualitative data collection method	Method
开创性文献	Yin, R.K. (2018). Case Study Research and Applications: Design and Methods (6th ed.). Sage. ISBN: 978-1506336169	Krueger, R.A. & Casey, M.A. (2014). Focus Groups: A Practical Guide for Applied Research (5th ed.). Sage. ISBN: 978-1483365244	Clandinin, D. J., & Connelly, F. M. (2000). Narrative inquiry: Experience and story in qualitative research. Jossey-Bass.
别名	Vaka Çalışması (Case Study), case study design, case study methodology	focus group discussion, FGD, group interview, Odak Grup Araştırması	Narrative Analysis, Narrative Research, Life Story Method
相关	5	6	3
摘要	Case study research is a qualitative research design that investigates a specific phenomenon, individual, group, organisation, or event in depth within its real-world context. Systematised by Robert K. Yin in 1984, it supports single-case and multiple-case designs and draws on multiple data sources — interviews, observation, documents, and artefacts — to build a rich, contextualised account of a bounded unit.	Focus group research is a qualitative data-collection method in which a trained moderator guides structured discussions with homogeneous groups of six to ten participants to explore ideas, attitudes, and perceptions on a defined topic. Developed from sociological roots in the 1940s and systematised for applied research by Krueger and Casey, the method leverages group interaction as a data source — revealing not just what people think, but how they negotiate and articulate views in a social setting.	Narrative inquiry is a qualitative research methodology that treats stories and life narratives as primary data, analyzing how individuals construct meaning and identity through storytelling. Developed by D. Jean Clandinin and F. Michael Connelly (2000), narrative inquiry examines the narratives people tell about their lives, experiences, and transitions, understanding that people make sense of experience through narrative.